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Etalons

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Etalons

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Invented by French physicists Fabry and Pérot in 1897, the F-P Etalon is a high-resolution optical device working on the principle of multiple-beam interference. Its structure typically consists of two parallel high-reflectivity coated plates (or a single plate with double-sided coated parallel surfaces), forming an interference cavity with a fixed gap between the two reflective surfaces. The flatness of the coated surfaces must be controlled within 1/20 to 1/100 wavelength to ensure interference precision.

Core Characteristics

It features sharp interference fringes and strong wavelength selectivity, essentially functioning as a high-precision narrowband filter. Only light of specific wavelengths meeting the resonance condition can pass through, while others are reflected or filtered out. Higher reflectivity of the surfaces results in sharper bright interference fringes and stronger ability to resolve wavelength differences, making it a key tool for precision optical measurement.

Applications

  • Optical Communication: Used as a core component in devices like wavelength division multiplexers (WDM) and Inter-Leavers for precise wavelength selection and processing of optical signals.

  • Spectroscopy Research: Resolves isotopic spectra, hyperfine spectral structures, detects tiny frequency shifts from light scattering and Doppler shifts caused by atomic motion.

  • Laser: Applied in laser cavities for linewidth narrowing and single-mode operation control; serves as a bandwidth adjustment and tuning device for broadband picosecond lasers, analyzing laser longitudinal and transverse modes.

  • Other Fields: Used as a high-resolution filter in astronomy to obtain stellar spectral data; enables accurate wavelength measurement in precision metrology.


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